Port Development and Environmental Sustainability: An Analysis of Monitoring Programs in Santos, Itajaí, and Paranaguá

Abstract

This study analyzes the environmental monitoring programs of the ports of Santos, Itajaí, and Paranaguá, located in southern and southeastern Brazil. The research is based on official documents and technical reports published since 2020. Results show consolidated monitoring structures, focusing on water, air, sediment, and biota quality. Institutional partnerships and technological advances in environmental management were also observed. Despite good practices, challenges remain regarding data transparency and community participation. The study highlights the importance of sustainability in port activities.